Private
Investigator 101
I HAVE WRITTEN THIS BOOKLET IN HOPES OF BEING ABLE TO HELP OTHERS
ENTER THIS EXCITING AND REWARDING PROFESSION
Its AUTHOR IS NOT A TEACHER, LEGAL ADVISOR
ACCOUNTANT OR AN ATTORNEY. FURTHER MORE THE AUTHOR
( CHARLES DAY ) OR HIS PUBLISHER
ASSUMES ANY LIABILITY REQUARDING ANY RISK OR LOSS BE IT PERSONAL OR
PROPERTY FROM INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS REPORT.
SHOULD YOU REQUIRE ADDITIONAL ADVICE, WHICH MAY
REQUIRE PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTING, LEGAL ADVISOR, AND ECT. PLEASE SEEK THE
PROFESSIONAL SERVICE FROM THE APPROPRIATE EXPERT.
INTRODUCTION
Dear Friends:
My name is Charles Day
and I'm president of Confidential Investigative Services and a licensed Private
Investigator. This booklet is designed to give you a basic start in the field
of becoming and starting your own Private Investigator Agency.
Its intent is to allow the reader to gain the
basic knowledge required for you to establish your own agency. With this
knowledge you are about to receive you should be able to start in this exciting
career with the minimum start up cost and the basic knowledge required.
Its intent is not to
replace the general experience you will acquire over the years through trail
and error. I would hope that you will gain the proper guidance to allow you the
knowledge to be able to reduce the common mistakes I have made starting my own
agency.
You will soon learn that
sometimes there is no right or wrong answer in this business. The Private
Investigator will learn that sometimes
You must rely on the
instincts and gut feelings you perceive involving some cases.
There will be other
cases that won’t feel right to you. You will then have to evaluate and trace
your steps to find something else. That old saying "If you don't first
succeed-then try again,” will often apply to this business. You must realize
that you are not going to be able to help everyone out there with their
problems. There may come a time to walk away from a case. This sixth sense will
come with experience.
HOW TO BECOME A PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1. BASIC KNOWLEDGE
CHAPTER 2. PROFESSIONALISM
CHAPTER 3. LAWS
CHAPTER 4. EQUIPMENT
CHAPTER 5. SURVEILLANCE
CHAPTER 6. INTERVIEWING
CHAPTER 7. FIELD NOTES
CHAPTER 8. REPORT WRITING
CHAPTER 9. TESTIFYING
CHAPTER 10. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
CHAPTER 1
BASIC KNOWLEDGE
Today the field of
Private Investigation has changed from the days of the clothe and
dagger. This field today is a professional and highly sophisticated and competitive
network. In order to compete with your counterparts you must excel in your
given field of practice. By this I mean that you should specialize in a given
service and obtain all the knowledge you can in this field.
The investigative field
offers a wide variety of services that you may compete in. I specialize in
divorce and child custody cases. There is money to be made in these two
services. In the
The previously mentioned
services are just a few that a private investigator may offer. You must use
your imagination to fully see the potentials of this very profitable business. I would like you to use your
imagination again and start looking at both sides of the picture. As I showed
you above these are only two options in this field.
Both these options are
on the civil side of the law, what about the criminal side of the law? Were you aware that a good private
investigator can offer services to the criminal side of the law too. You will have
to rely on your own personnel standards and conscious when accepting criminal
cases. I will never accept a case that I have some reservation about or goes
against my standards. This is how I base my decision if I want to accept a case
or to decline it.
Some examples that you will come across on the
criminal side of the law are working directly with a person that has been
charged with a crime. They may want you to help prove their innocence. You may
have to locate a witness or attempt to prove the police wrong with their
investigation and your client right. I don't accept a lot of these case because
I stay busy working the other side of the law. You will just have to see how you
want to approach your new career. Remember this is your business and you will
make your own business decisions.
One of the problems you
may encounter is how to bid a case. You don't want to price yourself out of the
business but you want to make a good living.
The first thing you need to do is check out you competition in your
area. By doing this you can remain competitive and provide your clients with
the the best service available. When considering you bid you need to include
expenses, you will be surprised at how
these can add up. I will
bid some cases by the hour and others by the job. I try to take everything in
to account like your time, your expenses, and your materials. Don't forget you
time to do reports and court room appearances, phone bills, and your car expenses.
Some investigators will bid by the hour plus expense and mileage. It's not
uncommon to charge say $50.00 an hour and 50 cents a mile. You will have to
determine what your
client can pay and how much your services are worth to you.
Another problem you may
encounter is how to market you services. There are companies out there that
will market for you however they can be very expensive. Remember by keeping you
over head low you won't spend yourself out
of business. There will
be a time when you won't have the time to do these services yourself because
you will be too busy making money. Don't get me wrong if you want to spend the
extra money for these services you can. I want you to succeed in your new
business, so try and keep your over head as low as you can. You should consider
your resources and go from there. I use direct mailings (letters) along with
newspaper ads mostly. I have found that these work for me. You can use
television and radio but again consider the cost.
I have found that this business can be seasonable;
you may go weeks or even months without anything. But it all seems to even out,
if you keep motivate and continue prospecting you will stay busy. It seem like
December and January are slow months. I guess everyone is busy with Christmas,
I have noticed that during these months serving legal process seem to pick up.
It might be an advantage to you
because you may also be
busy with Christmas. The point I'm trying to make is don't get discouraged when
things get slow because believe me they will pick up. Just keep motivated and
making contacts. I make a lot of contacts from referrals which come from
longevity in the business. Make yourself a business plan and then stick to it. Use
your telephone and make a goal where you are going to make so many contacts a
week, then follow up with either direct mailing or a phone call. People need to
know that you want their business
Time management can
become a problem in this field. It is easy to set back and wait for things to
happen, when you should be making things happen for yourself. Which ever you decide about your career be it
part time or full time you should stick to your business plan and your
goals. The private investigator will find that will find that working
nights and weekends is a must. You have to work around others schedules, thus
you must be flexible and able to work the hours required to get the job done.
Remember you set your own rates so you will compensate your self for these
hours. If you plan your time and stick
to your goals and make the sacrifices, then you will have a very rewarding
career.
Let me give you some
ideas on the magnitude that a career as a private investigator
can provide. Not only the income potential but other rewards you will
achieve. Imagine how it will feel to lock wits with someone that is doing something
that they know is wrong and attempting to do their best to conceal it. It is
you job to out smart them and expose their behavior and satisfy your client’s needs.
When you achieve this it's a feeling that words can't describe! Don't get me
wrong it's not all glory; there will be times when the job can become boring
and thankless. You have to take the good times with the bad. This career is not for everyone. You may find
after reading this booklet that you don't have what it takes.
The private investigator
has to be CUNNING, SLY, SHROUD, and at times may find yourself in situations
that make you feel uncomfortable. I really feel once you see the income potential and the good times and fun, then
those bad times will seem petty!
I want you to start
thinking about where you are going to come up with clients that will require
the services of a private investigator. Just start
using your IMAGINATION and I will also give you some examples that I use
to get clients. We have already talked about
the civil and criminal side of the law. So we know
that we will make contacts with attorneys.
Attorneys require many
services that a private investigator has to offer. All you have to do is sell
yourself and the many services that you will supply them. An attorney may hire
a private investigator to investigate a criminal case they are working on. They
themselves don’t have the time to question a witness or investigate an accident
scene. They may want you to do some follow up work on a case or serve
a summons on a witness
or locate that hard to find witness. This is just a few again start using you
imagination and you will see the potential services you have to offer to an
attorney.
Another source is the
corporate client. They may want you to come inside and do undercover work for
them. You can help them with internal security problems or workman comp claims.
They may want you to run background checks on key employees. Some corporations
want to know what their competition is up to. Have you run bad debts down for them;
most corporations will hire a company to help with their day to day problems
they encounter because they don't have the time to perform these services themselves.
As you can start to see there is a wide variety of services you can offer them.
I have worked for people
who feel that they have been cheated when it comes to an insurance claims. They
want you to investigate their case and help them find ways to get a larger
settlement. On the other hand an insurance company will retain you to help them
with a claim they feel is fraudulent.
Most insurance companies have their own investigators, but sometimes are
more profitable for them to retain
a local investigator. If
you sell yourself and your services, along with keeping you name and reputation
of providing excellent service at a fair and compatible rate in front of them
I'm sure sooner or later they will require you service.
Small businesses are
excellent source of clients. They are small enough to remember that every
dollar has to be spent wisely. They can appreciate another business getting
started. You may want to give them a special rate that they to
an appreciate.
No matter how successful you become,
don't forget the small business!!
They have many needs you
can help them with. Some examples of those needs are bad checks or account
collections. Most large companies will charge 50 % of the check or account
balance. What if you would only charge 20-30 %, then you not only make money,
you also make a happy client that will continue to use you and give you all the
referrals that they can. Another service you can offer is a service called pre employment
background checks. If you can determine a hidden fact about a prospective
employee then you will save them money and time. Have you ever heard the saying
“PAY ME NOW OR PAY ME LATER?” You may even want to help them set up an internal
security program. As you can see there are many services that you can offer the
small business.
Another other services
that a private investigator can offer is skip tracing. Some clients have
accounts that have moved and failed to leave a forwarding address. Again they don't
have the time to follow up on these accounts and need to retain outside help.
It will cost them about 50% to collect on these and most of the time it is
simple to locate them. You must use your skills again. There are several agencies’
out there that have public records that you can access. Some examples are
marriage license, court records, telephone numbers, city directories,
Newspapers. ( I have
located people by reading their names in the paper). An old neighbor is another
good source. Most of this information can be obtained from a phone call. Are
you now starting to see how easy it can work?
How many of you have
seen those ads that read REWARD? Believe me people will pay big to get
something back that they may have lost or had stolen. The longer you are in
this business the more informants and contacts you obtain. I know you have all
saw those ads that read TIP HOT LINE. I'll let you in on a little secrete about
those ads. The say they will pay up to $1,000.00 for information leading to an arrest
or conviction. I have never been paid that amount of money, but have received
from $200.00 to $500.00 for information.
I have mentioned before that the private investigator may be in a
situation or area where you can pick up information about someone that is at
large and hiding from the police. This is the information that you will use to
collect those Tips Hot Line rewards. If you learn to keep your eyes and ears
open you wouldn’t believe how many people will talk about things like that.
Insurance companies will also pay big to recover items that were stolen or
information about crimes involving their clients. It saves them money when they
can recover the original item and not have to pay a replacement cost of the
item.
Other sources of contact
will come from using you background skills. Let's say that you are a fire
fighter you may have the skills to investigate Arson Fires. Insurance companies
will retain a local investigator to help them. Who but a local person knows the
ends and outs of the investigation? A background in safety may help you
obtaining clients that require work related accidents or OSA violations. We all
have seen companies receiving fines for OSA violations. I mean large
fines! If you have experience in
auto body work you may me required to investigate auto accidents or claims made
against insurance companies.
I feel that everybody
has some sort of background that will help them in the career field. Just think about it! Any one from a factory worker to a store
clerk can use their experience in the field of private investigating. Use you imagination,
a factory worker has knowledge of job related accidents or abuse of narcotics
on the job site. How about safety violations or abuse of special privileges
like punching someone else's time card.
The store clerk has
knowledge on surveillance, shoplifters,
laws on detainment or arrest,
padding books, expense account frauds. Stop and think about what you overhear
from customers just standing around talking. Remember those rewards or tips hot
line ads.
The list is just too
numerous for you to imagine on how to make contact for clients. If you will
just sit down and use your imagination you will start seeing how a career as a
PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR will become a very rewarding and profitable field. This
field is wide open where you can make a huge living for you and your family. I
want you to start right now before reading any further and start making a huge
list of all the potential clients you is going to start contacting. The
list will amaze you. Get
your family involved and the list will grow even more. Ask them if they want
the money that can be made in the career field, WATCH THEIR EYE’S WHEN YOU
RECEIVE THAT FIRST CHECH !
After you complete you
list and from the information I have given you, and by using your imagination ,
you will have an enormous client list to start you off before you even begin
this career field. I will provide you other useful ideas and knowledge that you
will apply in the following chapters.
GOOD LUCK
Chapter 2
PROFESSIONALISM
As I have mentioned in chapter 1, the career of the
Private Investigator is a professional and highly sophisticated and competitive
network. If you are going to succeed you are going to have to establish you reputation
in this field. You need to begin right off getting yourself established. This
is just like any other business and you want happy clients. You want to give
them a service that is to the best of your ability and something they can
afford. You want to give something they WANT and something you HAVE !
You will
soon discover that your clients will come to you with problems that are
confidential and personal and even sometimes illegal. Therefore you will find yourself
in a situation that may not be accustomed to. Remember that your first
impression is the most lasting. Both from you and your client. You need to sit
down and listen to what they have to say. It may be that you can't even help
them, and they need to be referred to some other professional like an attorney.
I've had clients that call me for advice on a divorce before they even call an
attorney. You need to extend professionalism and refer them to another
professional who will help them with their imitate problem. This in turn will
allow you to establish a reputation of being conscience of you client’s needs
and not just out to make a profit. An attorney will appreciate you referred
business, they may even feel they a obligated to you. Then the next time they
will refer you some of their business. Please don't misunderstand me I want you
to make lots of money , but I want you to be in business for a long time. This
is just good business practice.
Unlike you
list of potential clients you also want a list of other professional that may
be of some help to you. It's what I call my favor list. It should contain names
of contacts you have in the professional field. Like the names of a contact on the police department, sheriff office, attorneys. Don't
forget mailmen, newspaper carriers. You can
get a lot of information from these people. The telephone company
Is another good source
to have. The most important contacts I have come from those in law enforcement
personal. I never ask them for information that will put there job in jeopardy,
but most will help you after you have established a good working relationship
with them. The door swings both way and you will come across information that
they have a need for. Pass this information on even if you don't make a profit
from it. People appreciate thing that are Free, either knowledge or just a
favor.
In this field you will
learn that confidentiality is a must. Clients expect it and you will not
survive without it. There may be cases that you won't even be able to discuss
with a family member. Once you break this confidentiality you might just as well
back your bags. In this world of the private investigator it doesn't take long
for the word to get around. I'm sure you have heard about those guys you never
want to
do business with. Well
it's the same as with any business you want business not to lose it. Other
private investigators can be cut-throats. Don't get me wrong they are not all
like that but just be prepared for the unexpected. I make it a point to be up
front with everybody I deal with. I believe honesty is the best policy. That's
how I do business , and I'll never change my standards just to please someone.
You will have to set your own standards and they live by them.
I believe that if you
just use common sense and maintain a healthy relationship with your fellow
professionals you will obtain a very rewarding and profitable career. Again
this field is not for everybody, nor will just anybody be allowed into it.
I can't
reinforce the importance of conducting yourself in a professional manner at all
times! What ever
you do never loose this professionalism
and allow
yourself to revert to the private investigator that put money ahead of their
clients needs.
Once you do
this there is no way to recover the losses, which will happen to your business.
So please don't fall into this trap ! The money will come you just need to be
patient and do the best you can to give your clients the best service available
to them. Remember be honest and up front with them and they will appreciate you
friendship and the professionalism you extend to them.
Chapter
3
LAWS
The laws governing the
Private Investigator will vary from state to state. I would suggest that you
contact your states Department of Licensing which should be located at your
state capital.
Check out your local
phone book, this should provide you with a phone number you can call and get
all the information you need.
I have seen some states
require a license, but some have no requirement to becoming a Private
Investigator. You should be able to gather all the information you need with
your Department Of Licensing. If you need further assistants you can check with
your local law enforcement agency and they may be able to help you.
The main thing you need
to remember is that a Private Investigator does not have the same powers as
that of Law Enforcement Officer. To keep
yourself out of trouble, please research any mandatory requirements before you
start any investigating work. It is better to spend a little time gathering all
the information you may need before you start your exciting career as a Private
Investigator, than running into problems at a later date.
Some of the laws you
need to educate yourself in, and remember this is only a few there may be more.
Trespassing Laws
Stalking Laws
Firearm Laws
(concealing)
Licensing Requirements
Curfew Laws
Civil Processing Laws
Public Information Laws
Private Investigator
Identification (badge)
Self Protection Laws
Tax Laws (local, state,
federal)
Detainment Laws
Powers of Arrest Laws
Private Security Laws
Chain of Custody Laws
Evident Laws
Restraint Laws
Child Custody Laws
Divorce Laws
Please remember this is
only a few laws that will help you with your new career as a Private
Investigator. You will need to stay current of any law that will be useful to
you and your clients.
Chapter 4
EQUIPMENT
This chapter will give
you some idea of some of the equipment you may need to perform you job as a
Private Investigator.
You will need the basic
equipment to get you started and as your caseloads increase you will want to
maintain more inventory as your business grows.
To get started you will
need the basic products like a vehicle, notepads, pens, pencils, maps of the city are
helpful, and a phone book is helpful, binoculars come in handy, flashlight,
briefcase, cell phone if you have one. This should get you started, but as your
business grows so will
your equipment needs.
A camcorder is nice to have;
surveillance equipment can be helpful, camera, listening equipment, restraints,
firearm, spy equipment like listening monitors, tape recorder, and just use
your imagination and play it by ear as you go along.
As with any business you
will have a budget and will have to stay within that budget, or you won’t be in
business for long. Most of the equipment
needed is inexpensive and you probably have lying around the house anyway, so
you shouldn’t have to spend an arm and leg to get started.
Remember that all your
equipment is tax deductible, so keep your receipts for your business
accountant, and if you don’t have an accountant keep them for the internal
revenue should you ever need to produce them. Good bookkeeping is essential for
any business.
Chapter 5
SURVEILLANCE
The act of surveillance
is something that you will learn through trail and error. I will give you some
basic surveillance techniques that I have learned through trail and error
myself.
The first thing to
remember is that a normal person is not aware of what is going on around them.
Most people stay focused on their mission what ever that may be. Just think
about yourself, when you are driving from point A to point B you are not aware
of your surrounding environment. You don’t think about who’s behind you or
whose is watching you. You are thinking about getting to where ever you are
trying to get to.
Most people won’t notice
another person unless they draw attention to themselves. When I say draw
attention to them self, I mean by doing something that is out of the ordinary.
Think about it when you are driving down the road you don’t realize that
someone is even around you, unless they honk their horn, or flash their lights,
make a sudden movement toward you, or somehow draw attention toward them.
This basic human fought
most people have is what makes surveillance so easy for the Private
Investigator to follow someone. It works to our advantage if we remember not to
draw attention to ourselves. When you are doing surveillance work you MUST
blend in with your surrounding environment. By this I mean you can’t stand out
or be out of place or this will draw attention to you. I will share a few
attention getting actions that will blow your surveillance every time if you
allow them to happen.
Here are some common
mistakes that we make when attempting surveillance.
Staying too close to your
suspect
Sudden movement
Not blending in the
surrounding environment
(This would be
like parked in the middle of the street, or wearing clothing that doesn’t fit
the surrounding environment, driving too slow/fast, fancy vehicle in low income
area, loud music, sudden movement, annoying driving habits, staying in the same
area too long, playing the catching up game, blocking traffic, having your dome
light on, resting your foot on the brake, circling the block too often, parking
in the open, cluttered dashboard, unusually license plate, headlight/brake
light out, damaged fender, I could go on and on just use your own imagination)
Being out of place
Sudden stopping
Being too obvious
Falling asleep (yes this can happen)
Not knowing the area
Not obeying traffic
controls
Getting impatient
Moving too much
This is just a few ideas
to keep in mind, most of these common mistakes you will learn out like the rest
of us through trail and error. I don’t mean to make a joke of this, but we all
have to learn on our own.
If you do draw attention
to yourself and your suspect becomes aware of your presents then the best thing
you can do is call it a night and start over at another time. If you have an
over suspicion suspect they will become aware of what is going on around then
and will become a very hard suspect to follow.
There may come a point
when you are going to need some assistance
and may have to have
another party help you out with a case. We are all only human and need help
from time to time. You may have to teach your helper and train them, so they
will be able to handle their mission.
Chapter 6
INTERVIEWING
Interviewing is another
one of those techniques that come with experience. A good interviewer needs to
understand people and how they communicate or don’t communicate.
As a Private
Investigator there will come a time when you have to do interviews to complete
your investigation. I will try and give you a few techniques that I have
learned through my experience from my law enforcement days, and some that I
have pick up from other investigators.
I can always tell a lot
from a person’s body language, by this I mean both verbal and non verbal
language. One sure sign is eye contact, a suspect that isn’t telling the truth
has a hard time maintaining eye contact with their interviewer.
Another sign that your
suspect isn’t telling the truth is restlessness, by this I mean having a hard
time sitting still and fidgeting, and moving around a lot. They can’t concentrate
and ask you to repeat the questions again.
A suspect not telling
the truth will also attempt to answer a question with a question, they will
attempt to get your to lead them into
the answer you are looking for. An example of this would be “What time did you
get home last night?” They may say “I’m not sure around ten, or maybe it was
eleven”. They may be trying to get you to be more specific on the time you are
looking really interest in.
Another sign that a
suspect isn’t telling the truth is their non verbal indicators, like
perspiring, fiddling with the hands, or clicking a ink pen, tapping the foot,
rolling the eyes, moving the body from one place to another in their chair,
cracking their knuckles, chain smoking, thirsty, impatient, avoiding eye contact,
flushed skin color, pacing the floor, and just plain old trying to B.S. you.
The more interviewing
you do, the better you will become at it. We conduct interviews to get answers
to our questions. It like a puzzle we are trying to fill in the blanks. There
for we want to take the time and plan our interviews, and ask ourselves just
what do I want from this suspect. What question do I want to get answers for,
and how will I get those answers from this suspect. It is so important to
pre-plan your interview, write your question out and once you start the
interview don’t sway from you game plan. The suspect isn’t going to give you
anymore then they have to, so It is up to you to get the answers you want from
your suspect.
The most important thing
when conducting interviews is that you are in control, don’t let your suspect
take over control of the interview. This is why planning is so important. If
you see you are loosing control, then it is time to terminate it. You may have
to try again at another time, or put your case together without this suspect.
Try and remember that
the better you are prepared the more likely you are going to accomplish your
mission with the interview. You will get the answers you need to complete the
puzzle.
I have attempted to give
some sound interview techniques that has worked for me, but over time you will
develop your own techniques that will work for you. Interviewing is an “ART”
that comes with time and experience.
Chapter 7
FIELD
NOTES
Your field notes are the
bread & butter for the Private Investigator. These are the notes that you
take while doing your investigation. With these note you will prepare your
report for your client.
Remember your field note
must always be clear, concise, and accurate. This is for several reasons. You
want your report for your client to be both accurate and clearly understood by
them, and it must be accurate, because your client is relying on you to protect
there best interest.
The next important thing
to remember about your field notes, is you never, I repeat never want to write
something in them that you don’t want a third party (defense attorney) to see.
I will explain this later to you.
When taking field notes
you want to record everything that is pertinent to your investigation. If you
can remember to include and answer these questions in your field notes you will
be okay.
WHO
WHAT
WHEN
WHERE
WHY
HOW
By answering these 5
questions you will have all your pertinent information recorded. This is how
you will get your clear, concise, and accurate information for you report. That
way when your are completing your report for your client, you will be
protecting their best interest at all time. Remember your clients are your best
form of advertisement you can have. A happy client makes a happy referral when
someone asks them for advice on a good Private Investigator.
Do you remember me
telling you never put anything in your field note you didn’t want a third party
to see? Well you see if you are called to testify in court and you will at
sometime have to testify through out your career as a Private Investigator.
This may be some time after you have completed your investigation, and while in
court you will need to refer to your field notes.
Once you refer to your
field note while on the witness stand, then they become part of the court
records and are open documents. It is
acceptable to note your opinions in your notes, but you should reframe from
making unfavorable comments in your notes.
Imagine sitting on the
witness stand and you are being cross examined by the defense attorney and they
ask you what this comment meant.
“the
dumb blond crossed the street”, “ I can’t believe she was that stupid”, “What a
dummy”, “ he sure looks dumb with
that hat on”
If it’s in your notes you
can be ask about it. Don’t put comments like these in your field notes. It is
very unprofessional and then you are the one looking “Dumb”
Field notes are very
important and become the base of your investigation. With out good notes you
will end up with egg on your face, and won’t be in business very long.
By taking clear,
concise, and accurate field note you will maintain your reputation and
professionalism and maintain a long successful career as a Private
Investigator.
Chapter 8
REPORT
WRITING
Report writing just like
your field notes they are a vital part of a Private Investigator. Your reports
will be seen by many people, and must be written properly.
When completing your
final report for your client you want to remember that is has to be clear and
easily understood. You will prepare it so it will accomplish your client’s
needs.
Your client has hired you to provide answers and a service for them. You have agreed to provide these answers and this service, so your report must answer your client’s questions, and provide the service they have